Vogelgesang, L.J. & Astin, A.W. (2000) Comparing the Effects of Community Service and Service-Learning. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning; v7 p25-34.

Abstract: This paper presents results from a study which directly compares service-learning and community service, in order to identify the unique contributions, if any, of course-based service beyond those of community service. We address these issues through a quantitative longitudinal study of over 22,000 students at diverse colleges and universities.